Salish Translator

he Salishan language family consists of twenty-three languages. The family is typically organized into two main divisions with variation: Coast Salish (Coast Division), Interior Salish (Interior Division), Tillamook, and Nuxalk.[a][3][4][5] Nuxalk is sometimes classified as part of the Coastal Division of languages.[b][3] Tillamook is also sometimes classfied as part of the Coast Division.[c][4] It was proposed by Morris Swadesh that the Olympic branch of Coast Salishan languages is a natural subdivision within the family, although linguists today generally accept the Olympic branch as a subgrouping within the Coast Salish division.[6] The Interior Salish languages have a higher degree of closeness to each other than the more distant Coast Salish languages.[5] Language tree[edit] Below is a list of Salishan languages, dialects, and subdialects. The genetic unity among the Salish languages is evident. Neighboring groups have communicated often, to the point that it is difficult to untangle the influence each dialect and language has upon others. This list is a linguistic classification that may not correspond to political divisions. In contrast to classifications made by linguistic scholars, many Salishan groups consider their particular variety of speech to be a separate language rather than a dialect.[citation needed] Distribution of Salishan languages at the beginning of the 19th century Languages or dialects with no living native speakers are marked with † at the highest level. Reduced overview[edit] hide Salishan Nuxalk Nuxalk Coast Salish Central Salish Comox Halkomelem Lushootseed †[d] Nooksack †[d] Pentlatch †[d] Sechelt Squamish Straits Salish group Klallam †[d] Northern Straits Twana † Tsamosan †[d] Inland †[d] Cowlitz †[d] Upper Chehalis † Maritime † Lower Chehalis † Quinault † Tillamook † Tillamook † Interior Salish Northern Shuswap Lillooet Thompson River Salish Southern Coeur d’Alene Columbia-Moses †[d] Colville-Okanagan Montana Salish Detailed overview[edit] hide Nuxalk (also: Bella Coola, Salmon River) Kimsquit Nuxalk Kwatna Tallheo Coast Salish Central Coast Salish (also: Central Salish) Comox (Also: Éyɂáɂjuuthem) Island Comox (also: ʔayʔajusəm, Qʼómox̣ʷs, Kʼómoks) † Mainland Comox (also: ʔayajuθəm, Sliammon, Tla A'min) Halkomelem Island (also: Hulʼq̱ʼumiʼnumʼ, Həl̕q̓əmín̓əm̓) Cowichan Snuneymuxw and Snaw-Na-Was Halalt Stz'uminus (Chemainus) Lamalcha Malahat Penelakut Lyackson Lake Cowichan Downriver (also: Hunqʼumʔiʔnumʔ) Musqueam Katzie Kwantlen Snokomish Tsawwassen Kwikwetlem Tsleil-waututh Upriver (also: Upper Sto:lō, Halqʼəméyləm) Sts'Ailes Chilliwack area bands Tait Skway Lushootseed (also: dxʷləšucid, Puget Salish, Skagit-Nisqually) †[d] Northern Skagit (also: sqaǰət) Sauk-Suiattle (also: saʔqʷəbixʷ) Snohomish (also: sduhubš) Southern Duwamish-Suquamish (also: dxʷdəwʔabš) Puyallup (also: spuyaləpabš) Nisqually (also: dxʷsqʷaliʔabš) Nooksack (also: Łə́čələsəm, Łə́čælosəm) †[d] Pentlatch (also: Pənƛ̕áč) †[d] Sechelt (also: Seshelt, Sháshíshálh, Shashishalhem, Šášíšáɬəm) Squamish (also: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, Sqwxwu7mish, Sqʷx̣ʷúʔməš) Straits Salish group (also: Straits) Klallam (also: Clallam, nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən) †[d] Becher Bay Eastern Western Northern Straits (also: Straits) Lummi (also: Xwlemiʼchosen, Xʷləmiʔčósən) †[d] Pauquachin (also: Pak-quw-chin) Saanich (also: SENĆOŦEN, Sənčáθən, Sénəčqən) Samish (also: Siʔneməš) Semiahmoo (also: Tah-tu-lo) † T'Sou-ke (also: Sooke, C̓awk) † Songhees (also: Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ) † Twana (also: Skokomish, Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq, Tuwáduqutšad) † Quilcene Skokomish (also: Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq) Tsamosan (also: Olympic) †[d] Inland † Cowlitz (also: ƛʼpúlmixq) †[d] Upper Chehalis (also: Q̉ʷay̓áyiɬq̉) † Oakville Chehalis Satsop Tenino Chehalis Maritime † Lower Chehalis (also: Łəw̓ál̕məš) † Humptulips Westport-Shoalwater Wynoochee Quinault (also: Kʷínayɬ) † Queets Quinault Tillamook (also: Hutyéyu) † Siletz Tillamook Garibaldi-Nestucca Nehalem Interior Salish Northern Shuswap (also: Secwepemctsín, səxwəpməxcín) Eastern Kinbasket Shuswap Lake Western Canim Lake Chu Chua Deadman's Creek–Kamloops Fraser River Pavilion-Bonaparte Lillooet (also: Lilloet, St'át'imcets) Lillooet-Fountain Mount Currie–Douglas Thompson River Salish (also: Nlakaʼpamux, Ntlakapmuk, nɬeʔkepmxcín, Thompson River, Thompson Salish, Thompson, known in frontier times as the Hakamaugh, Klackarpun, Couteau or Knife Indians) Lytton Nicola Valley Spuzzum–Boston Bar Thompson Canyon Southern Coeur d’Alene (also: Snchitsuʼumshtsn, snčícuʔumšcn) Columbia-Moses (also: Columbia, Nxaʔamxcín) †[d] Chelan Entiat Columbian Wenatchee (also: Pesquous) Colville-Okanagan (also: Okanagan, Nsilxcín, Nsíylxcən, ta nukunaqínxcən) Northern Quilchena & Spaxomin Sinixt sn-selxcin Penticton Similkameen Vernon Southern Colville-Inchelium Methow San Poil–Nespelem Southern Okanogan Montana Salish (Kalispel–Pend d'Oreille language, Spokane–Kalispel–Bitterroot Salish–Upper Pend d'Oreille) Bitterroot Salish (also: Séliš, Bitterroot, Flathead) Kalispel Chewelah Kalispel (also: Qalispé, Lower Pend d'Oreille, Lower Kalispel) Upper Pend d’Oreille (also: Sɫq̓etk͏ʷmsčin̓t, Čłqetkʷmcin, Qlispé, Upper Kalispel) Spokane (also: Npoqínišcn) Genetic relations[edit] No relationship to any other language family is well established. Edward Sapir suggested that the Salishan languages might be related to the Wakashan and Chimakuan languages in a hypothetical Mosan family. This proposal persists primarily through Sapir's stature: with little evidence for such a family, no progress has been made in reconstructing it.[7] The Salishan languages, principally Chehalis, contributed greatly to the vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon.[citation needed]